Исследования и отчеты

This roadmap advances LGBTIQ refugee inclusion in Central and Eastern Europe's refugee response efforts. It captures key outcomes from ORAM’s Stakeholder Consortium on September 30, 2024—a gathering of 49 participants from 30 organizations, including UN agencies, NGOs, donors, and grassroots groups—while highlighting broader regional efforts toward systemic change.

This roadmap advances the inclusion and protection of LGBTIQ displaced persons across Central and Eastern Europe. Built on insights from ORAM’s Stakeholder Consortium on September 30, 2024, it reflects collaboration among 49 participants from 30 organizations—grassroots groups, advocacy networks, UN agencies, NGOs, and donors—who identified challenges and co-created solutions to strengthen refugee response efforts and support systems.

This report aims to assess the needs and challenges faced by LGBTIQ refugees in Central and Eastern Europe. The data presented in this report draws on the analysis of 15 qualitative interviews, with a range of key LGBTIQ and refugee organizations across Czechia, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Slovakia. In Czechia, we gained insight from our exchange with the Association for Integration and Migration, the Organization for Aid to Refugees, Prague Pride, and Transparent. These organizations provide comprehensive legal and social support, particularly emphasizing LGBTIQ healthcare and integration. In Hungary, we collaborated with the Cordelia Foundation, Háttér Society, and the Hungarian Helsinki Committee, all of which provide crucial services such as psychological support, legal aid, and advocacy for LGBTIQ persons. In Poland, we were in conversation with the AIDS Healthcare Foundation, Amnesty International Polska, Fundacja Warsaw House, Kultura Równości, and Queer Without Borders.

The market assessment highlights challenges and opportunities within Kakuma and Kalobeyei Integrated Settlement, explicitly focusing on the LGBTQI refugee community. Addressing identified gaps and leveraging the strengths of the local economy can enhance economic resilience, improve livelihoods, and foster sustainable development for LGBTQI refugees and host community members.

Country of Origin (COI) reports are an essential tool in asylum adjudication. Reports are used for assessing a variety of elements in asylum claims: individual risk of persecution, the applicant’s credibility, and the availability of state protection.

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ORAM's guide for LGBTIQ refugees and asylum seekers in Mexico City is a comprehensive resource guide with information regarding LGBTIQ and immigrant rights. It provides details about organizations that offer services related to housing, healthcare, employability programs, and educational opportunities. The guide also includes a "Rainbow Route," which is a map of Mexico City identifying and locating various local LGBTIQ and migrant organizations that provide services to queer refugees or asylum seekers in Mexico.

ORAM surveyed 32 LGBTIQ Ukrainians across the EU who fled their country due to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine to understand better the challenges facing queer Ukrainian refugees. The report sheds light on the current needs of LGBTIQ-displaced Ukrainians and will serve as a guide as ORAM continues to design a longer-term strategy to address these challenges as the conflict continues.

ORAM and Rainbow Railroad conducted in-depth research into the conditions facing LGBTQI+ asylum seekers and refugees in Kakuma Refugee Camp in northern Kenya. The report provides much needed and previously lacking information on LGBTQI+ asylum seekers and refugees living in the camp - who they are, their experiences, the services they receive, the challenges they face and the opportunities they envision.

A five-language dictionary, glossary and usage guide to assist humanitarian professionals communicate effectively and respectfully with and about people of diverse sexual orientations and gender identities. Includes definitions, transliterations and do’s and don’ts of usage. English, French, Turkish, Farsi and Arabic.

This guidebook is intended to provide companies with guidance on how to establish and implement professional mentorship programs for LGBTQ refugees and asylum seekers. LGBTQ employees and allies at these companies will have the opportunity to utilize mentorship to help LGBTQ refugees strengthen their professional skills, understand cultural workplace norms, and develop a strategy for their career trajectory. This guide includes a section for Mentorship Coordinators at companies on how to set up a mentorship program, training materials for mentors, and resources for four mentor-mentee meetings.

This publication examines the treatment of sexual and gender minorities (SGMs) in the most-utilized code of conduct in the field of international refugee protection: that of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). It aims to identify gaps in the UNHCR Code’s coverage of SGM refugees and staff, and proposes specific amendments to narrow these gaps. Also available in Spanish, French and German.

This guidebook guides companies on how to establish and implement professional mentorship programmes for LGBTQ refugees and asylum
seekers in the United Kingdom.
A mentorship programme aims to help LGBTQ refugees strengthen their professional skills, navigate a new job market, learn about cultural workplace norms, and work towards their career goals in their new host country.

LGBTIQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, intersex and queer) people in Guatemala face significant hardships originating from both social barriers and government actions, which enforce discrimination against sexual minorities. This report describes the national legal framework that applies to sexual minorities, the conditions LGBTIQ Guatemalans face, and social attitudes toward them.

This checklist can be used to ensure that your agency is open and safe for sexual and gender minority (SGM) refugees and asylum seekers. Also available in Spanish, French and German.

Kakuma Refugee Camp, in northwest Kenya, is home to hundreds of East African LGBTIQ refugees, who have fled from Uganda, Sudan, Somalia, South Sudan, and Burundi. The crises ebb and flow, but one thing remains the same – LGBTIQ refugees struggle to survive in the camp.

This pamphlet contains select representative slides from ORAM’s training program on sexual and gender minority (SGM) refugees and asylum seekers. The training consists of the following six sequential modules: Introduction, Sensitization and Identification, Protecting SGM Refugees, Working with SGM Refugees, Credibility Assessment, Resettlement and Integration. Also available in Spanish, French and German.

This pamphlet aims to guide governments, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and non-governmental organizations in developing refugee intake and registration queries that are inclusive of sexual and gender minorities. Also available in Spanish, French and German.

A toolkit containing

SOGIE Terminology dictionary in five different languages
Model Code of Conduct and Analysis
Safe Space Checklist
SOGIE in Registration Systems
"You Are Safe Here" Pins
"You Are Safe Here" Posters

The European Asylum Support Office (EASO) has published the newest addition to the EASO practical guides series, the practical guide on: “Researching the situation of lesbian, gay and bisexual persons (LGB) in countries of origin”. The guide provides background knowledge as well as useful tips, tools and sources for researching the situation of LGB in countries of origin.

ORAM’s Uganda Country of Origin (COI) Report is intended to help adjudicators and protection experts assess asylum claims by contextualizing personal stories of persecution. COI reports are an essential tool in asylum adjudication procedures. The reports are used for assessing a triptych of elements in asylum claims: individual risk of persecution; an applicant’s credibility; and the availability of state protection.

Part I of Blind Alleys offers key recommendations relevant to narrowing the protection gaps plaguing urban sexually and gender non-conforming (SGN) refugees. This guide is based on our research findings in the disparate protection environments of Uganda, South Africa and Mexico, as well as on ORAM’s extensive work with this population in other locations. Also available in Spanish. A short summary is also available in French.

This part of Blind Alleys II seeks to inform international agencies, governments and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) as they work to improve the protection of sexually and gender non-conforming (SGN) refugees in South Africa. South Africa is home to one of the most progressive constitutions in the world, as well as an exemplary refugee status determination law. However, this progressive legislation is undermined by a severely overburdened asylum system and widespread discrimination against outsiders and the SGN community. As discussed in the report, these challenges that prevent SGN refugees from accessing rights and services to which they are entitled, impact their ability to integrate into South African society, and even make it difficult to survive. A short summary is also available in French.

This part of Blind Alleys II seeks to inform international agencies, governments and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) as they work to improve the protection of sexually and gender non-conforming (SGN) refugees in Uganda. The report is based on extensive field and desk research conducted over the course of a year. We interviewed thirty-seven SGN refugees and stakeholders working with them, including representatives of refugee-serving NGOs, LGBTI organizations, and UNHCR field officers.Our findings reveal serious and dangerous gaps in their protection. A short summary is also available in French.

This part of Blind Alleys II seeks to inform international agencies, governments and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) as they work to improve the protection of sexually and gender non-conforming (SGN) refugees in Mexico. In Latin America, Mexico’s laws are among the most protective of SGN people, particularly in Mexico City. This progressive trend in legislation is unfortunately not supported by adequate enforcement and does not necessarily translate to better conditions for SGN refugees. Protection gaps undermine the ability of SGN refugees to access rights and services to which they are entitled and impact their survival in Mexican society. To better understand these challenges and develop effective solutions, ORAM conducted a series of interviews with SGN refugees, NGO staff, and other stakeholders. Also available in Spanish. A short summary is also available in French.

This Part III of Blind Alleys provides an overview of our findings, along with a broad summary of our recommendations to stakeholders including governments, NGOs, and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). In the disparate urban environments of Mexico, Uganda, and South Africa, ORAM’s research found clear patterns of dangerous protection gaps. Our findings detail how SGN refugees are doubly marginalized: first because they are refugees, and again based on their sexual orientation and/or gender identity.

This report and its companion piece, Rainbow Bridges, can be used as education tools during trainings, as a supplement to Guardian Groups’ services, and as an essential guide for refugees, asylum seekers and asylees in the San Francisco Bay Area. Our hope is that this manual will help newly-arrived LGBTI refugees integrate more smoothly and rapidly into their new homes.

This manual seeks to improve the resettlement integration model used for LGBTI refugees and asylees by providing community and faith-based groups with the knowledge they need to help refugees build new lives in the United States. It shares ORAM’s knowledge, experience, and observations in partnership with several supportive communities. ORAM hopes that its pilot resettlement initiative for LGBTI refugees and asylees, who often lack a support network, will be the first of many.

This report seeks to help non-governmental organizations (NGOs) protect LGBTI refugees and asylum seekers, who are among the most vulnerable people in the world. It makes several key recommendations, as the extreme marginalization of LGBTI refugees and asylum seekers deepens the need for informed intervention by NGOs. The report is based on the first wide-ranging, systemic attitudinal survey of international refugee protection by hundreds of NGOs around the world. Also available in French and Spanish.

This report documents the situation of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) refugees and asylum seekers in Turkey, who are among the most vulnerable people. It has been published in cooperation with the Helsinki Citizens’ Assembly – Turkey (HCA). In addition to being based on the original 46 in-depth interviews conducted for the 2009 edition of the report, the findings and conclusions in this updated version are based on information provided by 62 LGBT refugees represented jointly by HCA and ORAM since that time.

This report discusses the protection gaps that refugees fleeing gender-based persecutionin face in Israel. The report, which was written in collaboration with the Refugee Rights Clinic at Tel Aviv University, highlights the two key protection gaps: first, the State’s failure to recognize the refugee claims of women fleeing gender-based persecution; and second, the prohibition on employment and the withholding of social benefits available to asylum seekers, both of which detrimentally impact women. The report provides recommendations to bring Israel in compliance with its international obligations concerning the protection of vulnerable asylum-seeking women.

This paper provides a scientific and legal analysis of the use of phallometry, specifically Penile plethysmography (PPG) and vaginal photoplethysmography (VPG) tests, in refugee status determination. PPG and VPG are tests that attempt to scientifically quantify the sexual arousal of homosexual individuals by measuring physiological responses to visual stimuli through attachment of electrodes to the genitals. The paper analyses the contexts in which these tests have been applied, the extent to which legal bodies have accepted them, and the legal and ethical consequences of utilizing these examinations to assist refugee status determination. The paper concludes that the methodology constitutes a violation of the human rights of LGBTI individuals, is scientifically unreliable, unethical, and inappropriate for use in the determination of the sexual orientation of persons seeking refugee protection.